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PERHAPS nothing in history is more shrouded 
in doubt than the origin of this agreeable and 
harmless amusement — Billiards. Shakespeare 
would have us believe it was known in the days 
when Antony revelled in the luxurious love of the Egyptian queen, and that 
Cleopatra invited Charmian to the game 30 B. C. 

We are told by some authorities it is French, because its name resembles 
Bille, which in that tongue signifies "ball," and we are assured that Henrique 
de Vigne invented the sport in 1671. Another is equally positive the Normans 
were the primitive billiardists, because the word sounds very much like 
"billart, " Norman for "stick." Eurther, we learn that the English "halyards" 
is wonderfully like billiards, and Edmund Spencer, Elizabeth's laureate, sang: 

"With dice, with cards, with halyards far unfit, 
With shuttlecocks, misseeming manly wit." 

In the travels of Anacharsis, through Greece, 400 B. C, he noticed a 
game which, from his description, we should consider a fair sample of what 
the early billiards might have been. MacGeogeghan's "History of Ireland" 
relates that Cathire More, one of "those original kings," and who died A. D. 



148, indulged in the game and left at his death "fifty billiard-balls of brass, 
Vi^ith the pools and cues of the same materials." Archbishop Hughes attests 
that he read in the Confession of St. Augustine, who lived in the fourth and 
fifth centuries, an allusion to billiards. 

From certain manuscripts, once the property of Sir Reginald Mortimer, the 
most reliable and plausible accounts of the game are taken. Sir Reginald was 
among the Knights Templars who returned in safety from the first Crusade 
to the Holy Land, and afterward joined the second one led by Richard 
Coeur de Lion. On their return from Palestine the game now called billiards 
was introduced by the knights, and was considered, at that time, not only 
an amusement, but a means of preserving health, and to which the monks of 
that period were permitted by their superiors to have recourse. Though 
cradled in the monasteries and introduced into Europe by the Templars, the 
game is supposed to have shared the fate of the latter and died out when 
this order was overthrown by Philip of France and Pope Clement V. When 
first brought into France, in the time of Louis XI., it was greatly improved 
upon; and it is said to be a recorded fact among the archives of this nation 
that during the reign of one of the Henry Kings an artisan of Paris, named 
Vigne, was commissioned by his sovereign to design and manufacture a 
billiard-table with a bed of stone, covered with cloth, and having a hole in 
the center, into which the balls were driven. 

Billiards thrived apace in France, for kings and courtiers were its most 
steadfast and powerful friends. Hence, it was introduced into England, where 
it was alike praised or condemned, according to the religious proclivities of the 
people. Mary, Queen of Scots, was a passionate lover of the sport, and in 
one of her letters, written just before her execution, she wrote that her 
billiards had been taken away from her as a preliminary step to her punishment. 

4 



In the reign of James I. billiards appears to have held its place at court, 
for among the payments out of the Exchequer we discover the following note 

in the abominable spelling of that 
^t^>||| I ~-^t-f "' J", /~^. I period: "To Henry Waller, our 

joyner, for one billiarde boarde, 
twelve foote longe and fower foote 
broade, the frame being wallnuttree, 
well wrought and carved, with eight 
great skrewes and eighteen small 
skrewes." Again, a little later, 
Evelyn describes a new sort of 
billiards, "with more hazards than 
ours commonly have, " in which the 
balls are struck around posts and 
pins with the small end of a stick 
shod with silver or brass. Half a 
century farther on Seymour's Coiii- 
plcat Gamester is before us, replete 
with rules and instructions for play- 
ing the games, of which, however, 
singularly enough, not a word in the 
shape of antecedents transpires. 
Belonging to every table, he says, 
there are an ivory post and king, 

LOUIS THE FOURTEENTH, THE GRAND MONARCH, , . , , . , ^ 

which stand at opposite ends; two 

was an inveterate and enthusiastic billiard player, and the game was a ^ ^ _ 

favorite pastime of his court. M. de ChamiUart, Louis' minister of Small IVOry balls, tWO Sticks Called 

finance, owed his first recognition by the great Louis to his admirable , r t^ -it' 

skill at billiards masts, madc of Brazil Eignumvitae, 




or some other heavy wood, and tipped with ivory. If the heads are loose, a 
smart stroke cannot be made but the defeat is easily perceived by the hollow 
sound and faint running of the ball. "The game is five up by daylight, or 
seven if odds are given, and three by candlelight; but in gentlemen's houses 
no such restrictions are admitted." Among the rules which follow is a clause 
to the effect that no bystander, even though he is betting, shall be allowed 
to offer advice, unless asked. If he does so, he "shall for every fault, in- 
stantly forfeit twopence for the good of the company, or not be suffered to 
stay in the room." 




"Strutt's Sports and Pastimes of the English People," published in iSoi, 

we find this opinion upon the growth 
of billiards: "This pastime, which 
at the present day has superseded 
the game of shovel board, and is 
certainly a more elegant species of 
an^usement, admits of more variety 
and requires at least an equal 
degree of execution. The modern 
manner of playing at billiards, and 
the rules by which it is regulated, 
are so generally known that no en- 
largement on the subject is nec- 
essar}'. The invention of this 
diversion is attributed to the French, 
and probably with justice; but at 
the same time I cannot help think- 
ing it originated from an ancient 




BILLIARDS AT THE COURT OF LOUIS XV. 
The subdued decorations and surface paintings of Louis yuatorze 
have been replaced by the more elaborate embellishments of medallions, 
carvings, and the rotund style of ornamentation. Cues have taken the 
place of maces, and those belonging to the ladies of the court were des- 
ignated by vari-colored bows upon the butt. The costumes of the fair 
players and all the surroundings are in accord with the time represented. 




game played with small bowls on 
the ground, or, indeed, that it was 
when first instituted the same game 



transferred from the ground to the table. At the commencement of the last 
century the billiard-table was square, having only three side-pockets for the 
balls to run in, situated on one of the sides; that is, at each corner one and 
a third between them. About the middle of the table is placed a small arch 
of iron, and, in a right line at a little distance from it, an upright cone called 
the king." 

As the pastime increased in popularity across the channel many desirable 
changes were made, but for several years the old-fashioned three-pockets, no- 
cushion, hole-in-the-center table was looked upon as the best. 

The Spanish under De Soto, who settled at St. Augustine, Florida, 1565, 
were the first to carry the game into this country, but the Cavaliers who 
settled Virginia, 1607, the Hollanders who were the early inhabitants (1612) 
of Manhattan Island — the progenitors of the old Knickerbocker stock — and the 
Hugenots who settled in South Carolina, 1690, also brought the game into 
America. As played by these settlers, it differed but little from that of prim-' 
itive times, it being played with two balls only; as played in France, it was 
doublet, i. e., banking balls into pockets, while in England, it was the 
ordinary game of pockets. A third ball was introduced into the game by the 
French during the third quarter of the eighteenth century, and this innova- 
tion introduced new features — carambolages into the French game, and canons, 
also spelled cannons, into English billiards, and finally caroms, also spelled 
carroms, into the game on this continent. The words carombolage, carambole, 
for the French were the inventors of caroms, through being the first to intro- 
duce the third ball into the game. The carom table was also an invention of 
the patrons of the game in France, for soon after the invention of leather 
tips by Mingaud, a Frenchman (who was undergoing imprisonment for some 
political offense, and who did not place his invention before the public until 




BILLIARDS AT THE TIME OF THE DIRECTORY. 
The costume and architecture of this period are marked with the 
; that had heen enacted; the rugged, hardened participants in the 
tragedy that overthrew Louis XVI. left the traces of their experience 
upon the fashions of the day, and the sharp corners, prominent outlines, 
gnarled walking-sticks, formidable chokers, straight coats and entire 
absence of ornamentation, bespeak the almost primitive taste and dis- 
regard for conventionalities that universally follows a revolution. 



1823), the carom game superseded 
the old French game of doublets 
and caroms, but the patrons of 
the game in that country main- 
tained their love for the doublet 
game for some years after the 
invention of the carom table, until 
at the present time the original 
French table for the playing of 
doublet hazards is as rare as are 
our old-fashioned 6x12 tables with 
six pockets. The pocket for doublet 
hazards in the original French table 
was simply a hole cut in the center 
of the bed of the table, then after- 
wards three holes cut only on one 
side of the table immediately in 
front of where the pockets now 
are on the American and English 
tables; then, finally, the six pockets 
were introduced, the ball passing 
through a tunnel beneath the bed 
of the table into a socket or lion's 
mouth, which was cut or rimmed 
out of the outside top of the legs 
of the table. 

During the American Revolution 



billiards was a pastime enjoyed to a considerable extent among the colonists, 
and later, after the war was concluded, many of the most prominent men 
of the time accepted it as being best suited to the attention of their leisure 
moments, and adapted to the exercise of their skill, whilst affording an agree- 
able amusement. The writer has 
seen in his time a billiard-table once 
the property of Alexander Hamilton, 
the great secretary and financier, 
and at another time a table which 
was once the property of George 
Washington. One could readily pic- 
ture Washington and the celebrities 
of that period gathered about these 
tables in friendly contest, and no 
doubt during the existence of these 
historic tables there have been wit- 
nessed many scenes which became 
familiar to the great men who 
founded American history. 

The billiard-table has since that 
epoch been popular with those most 
exalted in station and position; the 
judges of the supreme and lower 
courts patronize it; senators, cabinet 
members, and congressmen have 
enjoyed it. 

Many great scholars and other 




BILLIARDS IN TME TIME OF WASHINGTON. 

Following the introduction of billiards into the Colonies by the 
French settlers of Virginia and New York, the English donbtless came 
with their more perfected game, and popularized the table and mode of 
play familiar to them in their own country. 

During the days of the Revolution billiards was doubtless neglected 
for the more serious pastime of war; but, when independence was attained 
and peace restored, it resumed its accustomed place in public favor. 



The scene shown above in not wholly imaginative, 
of which the one in the picture is a copy, is now in existe 
the property of George Washington, who understood 
game thoroughly. 

Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton : 
in the game of which Washington is a spectat 
to billiards in France, his native country, 
some extent the French mode of playing. 



A billiard-table 



d Lafayette are participants 
. Lafayette was accustomed 
id may have popularized to 



notable men and our refined women have ever been steadfast supporters of 
the gentle amusement. 

Our presidents, from George Washington to the present time, have prac- 
ticed the game in the billiard-parlor of the Executive Mansion, likewise have 
many of the Governors of our several States. 

Henry Ward Beecher thus wrote: "The game is a noble one. It should 
be encouraged in all safe ways. It must be regarded as one of the most 
charming games that was ever invented. The mind is kept alert and sharp. 
The whole game is manly, ingenious, and eminently agreeable. It affords a 
gentle exercise of most refreshing character." Educational institutions, insane 
inebriate asylums, and many reformatories throughout the world are furnished 
with billiard-tables. 

The venerable Dr. McCosh, of Princeton College renown, is a warm 
advocate of the game, likewise are many other of the great professors of these 
institutions, and it is but a few years since that a graduate of Princeton Col- 
lege, upon reaching New York, sent four new billiard-tables as a present to 
the students of this noble institution. 

The kings of France have at all times been considered most powerful 
friends of the game. The Empress Josephine entertained so great an idea of 
the fascinations of the game, that during Napoleon's moody moments she 
would challenge him to a bout at billiards, and he never appeared more happy 
than when engaged in the game. Emperors, kings, princes, and titled nobility 
are competitors at the refined pastime, and the women also participate in 
the exhilarating amusement. 

White's work, published in England, 1807, is the earliest recognized 
authority, perhaps the only one, up to the opening of this century ; for, in his 
prefatory remarks, he gives as the chief reason for amplifying the contents of 



his book, that "no work on the game of bilHards has heretofore made its 
appearance in this country." "In some parts of the continent," he says, "a 
round or oval table is used, and in others a nearly square one ; but the shape 
universally admitted in England is the oblong, from nine to twelve feet long, 
by four to six feet wide, covered with green cloth, surrounded by a raised 
edge or border lined with an elastic pad known as a cushion, and furnished 
with six pockets. The instruments employed for striking the balls are the 
cue, a long, round stick usually made of ash and shaped in the form of a 
cone, with a narrow, flattened, or rounded point; and the mace, a slender rod 
with a thick piece of mahogany affixed to its extremity, and adapted in such 
an angle as to rest fiat on the table while the stick is held up to the shoulder 
in the act of striking. The under side is fiat and smooth, the upper concave, 
and the end opposed to the ball plain and broad. The cue is most in use, 
and, possessing various advantages, is preferred to the mace by good players. 
Ample directions are given for wielding both instruments : The head of the 
mace, it appears, should be adapted accurately to the center of the ball, and 
the stick carried up even with the right shoulder, when a pushing movement 
must follow, but no sudden, impulsive force. With the cue a full center or 
low stroke only can be accomplished, and to render the latter the more cer- 
tain, it is necessary to chalk or make the end of the cue rough with a file." 
It was not until the spring of 1823 that one Mon. Mingaud, a professional 
billiard-player of Paris, who had been released from prison for political 
offenses, made known his invention during imprisonment of the leather tip, he 
having enjoyed the privilege of access to a billiard-table which was within the 
prison, and even then no theoretical deduction suggested to him the wonderful 
phenomena that would result from the apparently unimportant change ; but he 
is entitled to credit for the boldness with which he pursued his chance dis- 




13 



In the autumn of 1823 these tips were 



White wrote were from nine to 
The pockets were placed as at 



covery to its ultimate conclusion, 
imported into the United States. 

The tables used in England when Mr. 
twelve feet long, and from four to six wide, 
present and in like numbers. From two to six balls were used, according to 
the game, of which two were white and the others distinguished by various colors. 
A great variety of games were played at this period. Those earliest in vogue, 
and most popular in consequence of their simplicity, were the White Winning 
game, the White Losing, and the White Winning and Losing. Besides these 
there were the Bricols, which consisted in striking a cushion before hitting the 
adversary's balls ; the Bar Hole, the One Hole, the Doublet, the Command- 
ing, the Limited, the Prussian Carombole, and the Carline game. 




14 



THE progressive element which seems to be a natural attribute of billiards 
has evolved but a portion of the present popularity of the gentle- 
man's game. 

Forever associated with the history of this now famous amusement 
in the United States must be the names of those sturdy pioneers, the time- 
honored veterans, Julius Balke, Michael Phelan, J. M. Brunswick, and H. W. 
Collender. To their untiring efforts, ingenuity, business tact and application 
belongs the credit for the introduction and use of appliances that brought the 
game of billiards from the obscurity to which it had been relegated because 
of the crude, clumsy and expensive tables then in use. It must be recorded 
that these were the men of that famous quartette that made the history of 
the first generation of the billiard world. The game, as they found it, was 
like a castaway foundling, with little life and less hope, struggling for existence. 
They tenderly nursed it to a new strength, and from the weakling they caused 

15 




MICHAEL PHELAN. 



n'i-U"s ba:.ki; 



i6 




J. M. BRUNSWICK. 



17 



to grow the robust, sentient, seeming thing of life, at whose shrine ten milHon 
men do glad homage. 

Music had a new birth in Beethoven, Mozart, Schubert, and Liszt ; 
science in Voltaire, Galileo, Aristotle, and Newton ; mechanics in Stevenson, 
Fulton, Morse, and Edison ; while letters and art each had an Andromeda-like 
champion that destroyed the demon of obscurity, severed their chains and 
raised them to the graces of pleasing perfection. And so it was with the 
game of billiards. It, too, had its champions and to them belongs the credit 
for its present prosperity. These men made their chosen calling the work of 
their lives. Others entered the field, invested capital, and established factories 
for the production of billiard-tables, but, meeting with indifferent success and 
little that was encouraging in this comparatively new enterprise, withdrew. 
Collender, Brunswick, Balke, and Phelan were, however, made of firmer stuff. 
They all, with one single exception, had been initiated into the business world 
at the cabinet-maker's bench. Their advancement was not of the mushroom, 
quick-growth variety. It was only obtained by slow, plodding tenacity. 

Paraphrasing the gifted Cardinal Wolsey, it might be said of them that 
they sounded all of the depths and shallows of adversity. Theirs was the 
hard grind of practical experience. The biUiard-table was an unknown 
adjunct to the saloon or public billiard-hall in those days, and the size and 
cost of a table was such that none but the very wealthy could afford it in 
their homes or could find a room in their dwellings sufficiently large to 
accommodate a table, even when they had the means and disposition to pur- 
chase. 

The best of the tables produced at that time were crude, cumbrous, and, 
withal, very expensive affairs, costing from five to six hundred dollars. The 
infant industry, therefore, had a twofold obstacle to overcome : manufacture 

i8 




A BILLIARD ROOM AND TWLLNE VUUT TABLE IN THE HOME OF A NEW ENGLAND ARISTOCRAT 
IN THE TIME OF WASHINGTON. 



19 



a table that could be put on the market at a figure commensurate with the 
general economy of the times and then create a dem.and for the production. 
To popularize the game was pre-eminently the first requisite. The great mass 
of the people knew absolutely nothing about billiards. Other manufacturers 
had not achieved success because they set out to supply the existing demand. 
Our young pioneers, however, had more original and progressive ideas. They 
did not look altogether to getting the quickest and largest profit obtainable. 
They knew that it would cost them years of patient, plodding toil, with small 
returns for their labor. They could perceive, as well as others, that in under- 
taking to create a demand for an article such as a billiard-table they had a 
stupendous task before them. 

To appreciate the strange coincidence of all of these men working to the 
same end, it must be understood that they had no business connection with 
each other. They were comparative strangers. They all began life at the 
foot of the ladder and at about the same time, the same capacity and the 
same calling but in different parts of the country. Each worked in his own 
way to the improvement of his production, each gaining a reputation day by 
day for honesty of purpose and an unwavering determination to make the 
game of billiards more popular with the great mass of the people. Thus they 
came closer together as their business enlarged and spread out from one town 
to another. It was not long before there was competition among them, as 
demands from different parts of the country brought them into the field for 
orders, but there were no acrimonious jealousies or unseeming contentions. It 
was simply a friendly rivalry and each took a self-satisfied interest in the 
improvements incorporated in the product of the others. This interest gradu- 
ally grew into a warm friendship which eventually brought them all, with one 
single exception, together after twenty years of individual effort with varying 




THE MAXIMILIAN BILLIARD TABLE. 
The above is an illustration taken from a billiard table on exhibition in the Chicago salesrooms of the Brunswick-Balke-Collender 
Co., where it attracted a great deal of attention during the World's Fair, because of its having been at one time in the possession of the 
ill-fated Maximilian, to whom it was presented by one of the Napoleons of France. At his death the table passed into the hands of an 
Abbot of a monastery of iVIexico. Later on it was secured by its present owners. Aside from its historical associations, it is of great value 
because of the elaborate inlay work with which it is ornamented. Portraits of all of the principal marshals and generals of France are 
produced in its variegated woods with remarkable fidelity of likeness. It is an interesting subject in a study of the history of billiards 
! of demonstrating the amount of labor and money expended in the decoration of billiard tables at the time of its manufacture. 



degrees of success into a consolidation of business interests, into one company, 
and then into a corporation of sweeping magnitude. 

They started out with the firm conviction that the only way to popularize 
the game was to elevate it and make it more attractive as a scientific amuse- 
ment. To bring about the desired end it became necessary for them to make 
advancement in their product. The size and shape of the table had to be 
improved upon. The cushions must be altered, as the old style were simply 
bags of cloth. These were improved from time to time at great expense of 
labor and money. The thick woolen cloths for the bed of the table were 
found too heavy and soft to permit the uninterrupted rolling of the balls and 
they were accordingly replaced with more expensive fabrics, which had to be 



made especially to order at another large outlay of money. The marble beds 
had to give way to a like improvement, as the nature of the material was too 
hard to permit of its being worked to a perfect level and smooth surface and 
it was replaced by slate, which was found, after considerable experimenting, 
to be better suited to the purpose. And so it was throughout the entire 
equipment and construction of the table. The only object in view was to 
improve and make better. Expense was disregarded or considered of sec- 
ondary importance. ''Improve," was the motto. 

The result of the vigorous crusade in the line of improvement made by 
these hardy pioneers in the billiard world was that a change in the game soon 
began to manifest itself, in the shape of interest on the part of the public. 
Small billiard-halls, with one or two tables, were opened up in New York, 
Boston, Philadelphia, and later on in Chicago and New Orleans. The general 
public had heard of the game of billiards being indulged in by the dissolute 
monarchs of the older countries and some of them had also heard of the 
game being played in the homes of the most exclusive of American aristocracy, 
and had a half-defined idea of what it consisted of, but were rather inclined 
to the opinion that there must be something dreadfully immoral about it. The 
great majority, however, had never seen a billiard-table, much less a game of 
billiards. At first the game was looked upon with general distrust as a foreign 
innovation, but the improvements made in the tables soon enabled players to 
acquire some little proficiency in the game, and those who at first were 
simply on-lookers, through idle curiosity, shortly became interested spectators 
and then overcame their prejudices to the extent of essaying a trial of skill at 
this new fashioned but fascinating amusement. More tables became the demand 
and the manufacturers were kept busily employed, but they did not for a moment 
relax their exertions toward improvement. They were not satisfied that the 



awakening interest should flame up brightly for the moment and then 
gradually die out. They must go on from one improvement to another until 
the appliances had been made what was then considered the embodiment of 
perfection. Players began to excel, and it was not long before record-making 
began. Contests or tournaments were developed from individual contests, new 
billiard-halls were opened up in the larger cities, and the smaller towns soon 
followed the same example, while the public interest seemed to be ever on 
the increase. 

It was about this stage in the history of billiards that an incubus, para- 
site or barnacle, as it might be called, made its appearance and attached 
itself to the game, as it does to every other praiseworthy undertaking, enter- 
prise or achievement in life. The incubus in this case was just as much of a 
drag as the barnacle that retards the speed of the ship or the parasite that 
gnaws at the vitals of the tree and retards its growth. It was the individual 
or set of individuals who, failing in every lawful undertaking and not having 
sufficient brains, energy or application to produce something original, make it 
their business to give birth to imitations. No sooner had the game of billiards 
gained popular favor than these individuals put themselves in the field with 
their imitations, which they loudly proclaimed to be just as good and consider- 
ably cheaper than the things imitated. 

A cheap quality of cloth, rubber cushions, cue tips, cues, and an abomin- 
ably inferior quality of billiard-table were put on the market by unscrupulous 
parties, who hawked their wares from one end of the land to the other, 
palming them off on the unwary as the very best obtainable, and being able 
in other cases to dispose of them by selling at prices a trifle below the prices 
charged by legitimate dealers for the genuine articles. 

When compelled to admit that the imitations were not equal to the things 

23 



imitated these conscienceless hawksters made ready use of the argument that 
even admitting that the imitations were a trifle inferior, they were certainly 
good enough for the purpose and a great deal cheaper than the others. That 
is an argument that was just as effective at that time as it is to-day, and was 
just as likely to appear plausible to the unwary. 

"Not quite so good as the best but good enough for the purpose," has 
always been the only argument of these hawking parasites and life-destroying 
enemies of improvement that have fastened their tarantula-like claws into the 
game of billiards and are frantically struggling to retard its progress and drag 
it back into obscurity to satisfy their petty greed. 

It is probably true that the devil is an enemy of progress in civilization 
and that every step of the human race toward a higher plane or a more 
advanced period in thought and action gives him that tired feeling that we 
read about in the patent medicine advertisements. But from a triple concen- 
trated extract of all the blackness of darkest hades, six times distilled and 
precipitated, could not be compounded an evil that would so well serve the 
purpose of retarding all improvement or advancement as those words, ''Not 
qtiite so o-ood as the best but good enoiigJi for the purpose. " They are words 
that are reeking with an insidious poison. They are dangerous because of 
their seeming innocence. Few of us fully understand their real purport. In 
them was born all of the imitations and all of the deceits with which the 
merchandise of the world is flooded and the sale of which has engendered 
more rascality than any other one cause. The words are well calculated to 
work harmful results in any line of trade, but in no other so much as in the 
billiard trade. 

To make the meaning of this more clear let us take for illustration 
the case of Mr. Carpenter, of Davenport, Iowa. He had a billiard-hall con- 

24 



taining seven first-class 
billiard and pool tables, 
which he bought of a 
reputable house, who 
guaranteed that every- 
thing ■ pertaining to the 
tables was the very best 
of the kind obtainable. 
Mr. Carpenter had been 
in business for seven or 
eight years and during 
that time had followed 
the plan of keeping his 
tables in the very best of 
condition. He had made 
it his business to see that the appointments of the tables were never allowed 
to have the appearance of being worn or of an inferior quality. He had, in 
short, bought only the very best of cloth, one that he KNEW was the best 
that could be obtained at any point in the world. The most perfect billiard- 
balls, the best of cues and cushions that were unsurpassed for speed and 
accuracy of angle, and had made the other appointments of his room reasonably 
comfortable and cheerful. When he first began business he had but a limited 
patronage, which gradually increased as the young, old and middle aged men 
of the town found that they could play just a little better on his tables than 
they could on those of any one else in that or any other neighborhood. That 
is, by reason of the cushions being very accurate and active, the cloth being 
the best in the world and stretched to a high tension free from wrinkles and 




dust, and everything else to correspond, they could make better scores there 
than elsewhere. The final result of this feeling on the part of his patrons 
was that Mr. Carpenter was shortly the recipient of a handsome income. His 
tables were always busy, his customers were satisfied, and at the end of seven 
years he had amassed a comfortable fortune and was prepared to retire from 
business, giving way in the management of the billiard-hall to his son, who 
had reached his majority and who had ideas of his own as regards the man- 
agement of a business of that kind. 

About this time there appeared on the scene one of those prosperity 
destroying parasites in the human guise of a saint-like man, who announced 
himself as the advance agent of the profit-sharing establishment of the Blab- 
About Saving & So Forth Co., of Tomatoville, Ohio. He did not appear 
to have the happy consciousness of a man who is accustomed to scattering 
blessings about among his fellows, but he told Mr. Carpenter, Jr., that such 
was his mission, and his word was not doubted. 

Approaching one of the tables, Mr. Brag About Saving examined the 
nameplate of the makers with much of the appearance of a man who had made 
a discovery of a surprising circumstance and then, with a secretive air that 
would have done justice to the ghost of Hamlet's father, he looked about much 
as if he would quote the lines of the immortal bard: "Had I .the mind I 
could a tale unfold that would make thy very blood run cold." But the effort 
was lost, as Mr. Carpenter was busily engaged in making change, and the 
young men using the table ascribed the pained look on the face of the stranger 
to a broken suspender button or a touch of colic. 

Approaching the cash desk he said to Mr. Carpenter: "My dear sir, do 
you know that you have been robbed?" 

The young man did not answer at once, but his face showed that the 

news was painfully new to him. 

26 



"Yes, sir," continued the other, "robbed, sir, for a number of years." 

"Oh," said Mr. Carpenter, with some rehef, "I thought you meant to-day. 
That must have been father, as I just took hold last week and have all of 
the cash in the bank." 

"I repeat," said Mr. Brag About Saving, "you have been systematically 
robbed by the people from whom you bought these tables?" 

How so?" said Mr. Carpenter, Jr., growing interested. 

"You simply have been overcharged on every article purchased," said the 
other. 

"Well, you see, " answered Mr. Carpenter, Jr., apologetically, "it was father 
who used to do the ordering." 

"I don't care who did the ordering," persisted the other; "you have been 
subjected to regular hold-ups, nothing more nor less than robbery of the worst 
kind. Now, let me show you our catalogue, number eighteen thousand B 
four hundred and something. Here we have cloth of 
all kinds. You observe that we show a picture of the 
different grades so that you may know when we sell 
you one quality you may feel sure that we will ship 
you something else. You see it's like this: The con- 
cern from whom you have been buying your goods have 
a big reputation to sustain, whereas we haven't any- 
thing of the kind, and that is the reason we can ofifer 
you better inducements than they can, and we do it 
right along." 

Mr. Carpenter said that he believed it and he 
probably really thought that he did and that the 
talkative stranger had scored a point. He was, how- 

27 



NS 



a^-^ ToMATO/iiibE - Ohio 







SAMPLE CATALOGUE OF THE 
BRAGG AUOUT SAVING CO. 



ever, obliged to tell him that he would have to defer 
going into further details until the following morning, 
before the tables were in such big demand. 

Promptly at the appointed time, Mr. Brag About 
Saving put in an appearance on the following morn- 
ing, and at once got down to business with his 
arguments of cheap prices. He admitted, when cor- 
nered, that his cloth was not equal to the Simonis, 
that his pool balls were inferior to the Hyatt, and 
that his cushions had never been considered equal 
to the Monarch Quick Acting, and, in short, acknowl- 
edged, after considerable beating about the bush, that 
all of his goods were not quite up to those of the 
other concern in point of reputation, but, said he: "All 
of this talk about quality is simply rot of the worst 
kind. These goods which I offer are plenty good 
enough for the purpose. They will last just as long as something with a 
big reputation attached to it and will cost you considerably less. Your cus- 
tomers will never know the difference and it is money in your pocket, therefore, 
to make a change. You control the bulk of the trade in this town and I 
want your order; therefore, I will make you a special discount, which, of course, 
you must keep strictly confidential." 

(Mr. Brag About Saving always has a particular reason for making a 
special discount to everybody, and he invariably admonishes each particular 
individual to keep it strictly confidential.) 

Mr. Carpenter had just a little glimmering of the horse sense of his 
father and he could not, therefore, be convinced at once of the advisability of 

28 




making so radical a departure from the policy which had previously governed 
in the business, but Mr. Brag About Saving saw that his arguments had made 
a hit, and he returned to the charge from day to day until his intended 
victim was fully imbued with the belief that here was an opportunity to dem- 
onstrate his business ability and to clear a neat little profit at the same time; 
therefore an order for new cloth and balls was made and forwarded to the 
house of Brag About Saving & So Forth of Tomatoville, O. 

Not content with this success, the agent eventually persuaded Mr. Car- 
penter, after many days of argument, that the cushions of his tables should 
be exchanged for the latest improved product of B. A. S. & Co., which 
consisted of something entirely new, in that it was twice the size of the 
Monarch cushion and was made from pure rubber, with a piece of cloth so 
inserted that it would never wear out, and that while it did not have the repu- 
tation of the Monarch it was considerably better, for the reason — well, in short, 
because he, the agent, knew that it was so. 

About this time Mr. Carpenter discovered that he had a complaint against 
the old company with whom his father had dealt for years, and he decided 
to change the cushions without further ado. The new goods were received in 
due time and the tables were put in shape. Mr. Carpenter figured up the 
cost and congratulated himself on having saved 15 per cent, of what the bill 
would have been, had he dealt with the old company. The new cushions 
seemed to be quite as lively as the Monarch, and all of the other goods 
appeared to be up to the representations of the agent, or, at least, "good 
enough for the purpose. " 

Two weeks after the change had been made Mr. Carpenter noticed that 
one of his best customers was not as regular as usual. He was always promptly 
on hand at the accustomed hour, but instead of staying until closing time, as 

29 



formerly, he stayed only for an hour or so. This continued without change 
for some time, until Mr. Carpenter, Jr., noticed that the old customer came 
in one night and, instead of taking down his private cue and looking up an 
opponent for a game, he stood around in an irresolute way and watched the 
game of the others. This performance was repeated two or three times, with 
short intervals of change, when the old customer would resume his former 
habit of playing an occasional game. And then one night he failed to put in 
an appearance at all, a thing to be wondered at, since it was the occasion of 
his first absence from the billiard-hall in so many nights that the other old- 
timers could not count them. This kept on from bad to worse, until the 
absence of the old customer from Carpenter's of a winter's night ceased to 
excite comment. 

At about this time other old customers seemed to also lose interest in 
what had been for some years their only evening amusement. When they 
were encountered in lounging places at the hotels and elsewhere and requested 
to explain the unusual circumstance of their not being up at Carpenter's, they 
would invariably answer that they had got tired of billiards, that they 




The magnificent b Ihard table inlaid with motlier of pearl foreign % 
and manufactured by the Bruns vick Balke Collender Co expres<l> 
famous songstress and now in use in 1 er palatial home Craig y N^sCdstie.W ales Uieal bl 

30 ^^- 



were getting too old, or that billiards was just about plaj-ed out, or still 
another reason, that it was either too hot or too cold. 

At first the result of this falling off in patronage was hardly noticeable up 
at Carpenter's, as the demand had always been such that several persons were 
usually waiting for a chance to get a table. But in a short time it was 
observed that there was first one table idle in the evening and then two. 
Later on, the only tables which seemed to be actually in demand were the 
two pools and one carom, on which a novelty game was played. Carpenter 
found it necessary to economize on the expense to meet this change in the 
demands of his trade, and when he next felt obliged to purchase new cloths 
for the tables, he tore the old bed cloths into cushion strips to cover the 
rubber and ordered some of the cheapest cloths handled by the Brag About 
Saving Company, which he felt assured were plenty good enough for the 
purpose and the best that he could afford. He was also obliged to economize 
on the light of his room, and he therefore made it a practice to turn out all lights 
except those over the tables in actual use, so that instead of having a cheer- 
ful and inviting look to the passers-by, the greater part of the room was 
shrouded in darkness. 

And thus matters continued going from bad to worse until the place was 
finally closed. In just two years from the time that his father turned the 
business over to him Mr. Carpenter sold four of his tables to a party at 
Burlington, Iowa, and traded the other three for a half-interest in a grocery store, 
where it is to be hoped that his policy of buying supplies which are not the 
best, but which are good enough for the purpose, will meet with better success. 

Had A-Ir. Carpenter or any one else been asked to explain the changed 
condition of affairs in the Carpenter billiard-room they would have promptly 
replied that the billiard business in Davenport had been killed by baseball, 

31 



bicycle riding, the races or the weather ; but that in any event Davenport 
was not the billiard town it used to be. 

The experience of Mr. Carpenter, Jr., is identically the same as that of 
other men who have, so to speak, killed the hen that laid the golden egg, by 
practicing the penny wise and pound foolish policy of economizing in supplies 
at the expense of losing their patronage and eventually ruining the business 
of their rooms. 

''Good enough for t/ie purpose," was the argument that caused the down- 
fall of Mr. Carpenter, Jr., and it has caused the downfall of many a man 
who was more deserving and intelligent than he. It is the argument of the 
hawking parasites and enemies of all improvement and it was the greatest 
obstacle which the sturdy pioneers of improved billiards in the United States 
were obliged to encounter and overcome. It is just as pernicious at this time 
as in previous years and its evil influence as a drag, preventing advancement 
of the noble game, is amply manifested by the seeming, but temporary, pros- 
perity of the hawksters who are as greedy now as in the past, but, thanks 
to the inflexible determination, energy and ability of the indefatigable Balke, 
Phelan, Collender, and Brunswick, its prosperity is established on a solid 
foundation. All of that famous quartette have passed away. They were 
mourned by all of the many thousands to whom they were known throughout 
the length and breadth of the land. They fulfilled their mission in life and 
the present popularity of the game of billiards stands as an enduring monu- 
ment to their unwavering devotion to its welfare and prosperity. 



32 



Common-Sense Reasoning in Homely Words. 



How to make the Billiard Room Business a Paying Investment. 



Make it possible for billiard and pool players to accomplish the best 
of results. 

The best billiard player on earth cannot make an interesting game on a 
poor table furnished with an outfit of inferior quality. 

No man can get interested in a pastime if he cannot make a reasonabl}- 
good showing in it. 

Good results in billiards or pool cannot be accomplished with poor 
implements. 

What would be thought of a man who went out hunting every day and 
traveled about from hour to hour carrying a gun with which he could never 
bring down the game at which he aimed? 

How long would interest continue in the pastimes of base ball, bicycling, 
yachting, rowing, fencing and boxing if the balls were lop-sided and soggy, the 
bats crooked and clumsy, the boats water-logged and slow, the foils cumber- 
some and soft, the implements, in short, antiquated and apparently unfit for use? 

This reasoning is about as simple as any problem ever put to the average 
ten year old schoolboy, but it is a form of reasoning which has been overlooked 
by many a man who was unusually bright in more weighty matters. Hun- 
dreds, aye, thousands, of men have made a failure in the billiard business, 
simply because of their inability to understand the principle of just such simple 
reasoning as this. 

33 





9 




O 



O 



o 



Don't bg penny wise and pound foolish! 

Don't expect a cow that is fed on sawdust to give milk! 

Don't believe the man who uses the words "Good enough for the purpose!" 

Don't believe that there is a quality of billiard supplies too good fcr 

your room ! 
Don't aim to get the cheapest — get the best! 

Don't expect your customers to pay you for something they do not receive! 
Don't forget that every good score made on your tables enlivens interest 

in billiards and benefits you more than anyone else! 
Don't forget that every failure to accomplish a good result is a drain on 

your cash till! 



34 




Remember that it is to our interest to make your business a success. 
Remember that if the bihiard room keeper fails to succeed it is because 

of lack of interest in billiards in his town. 
Remember that we also suffer loss whenever there is a falling off of 

interest in billiards. 
Remember that we advise you to buy the best of everything obtainable. 
Remember that we can make a better profit on cheap goods than on 

the best. 
Remember that we carry all grades of goods and can furnish anything 

you want in the billiard line from the best to the cheapest and at 

prices as low as the lowest. 
Remember that we have a branch house at 

No. 38 Royal Street, 

NEW ORLEANS, 



from which point we can give you prompt and satisfactory service. 
THE BRUNSWICK=BALKE=COLLENDER CO. 
35 



^\}c BrunstPtck=^aIke=(£oUcnber Co. . . . 



M. BENSINGER, 

President, 

Chicago. 



A. F. TROESCHER, 

Treasurer, 

New York. 



B. H. BRUNSWICK, 

Vice-President, 

Cincinnati. 



JULIUS BALKE, 

Secretary, 

Cincinnati. 



• • o 

L. S. SILVA, 

Eastern Manager, 

New York. 



C. P. MILLER, 

Western Manager, 

Chicago. 



B. E. BENSINGER, 

Branch House Auditor, 

Chicago. 




M. BENSINGER. 



L. SCHMIDT. 



37 





A. F. TROESCHER. 



JULIUS BALKE. 



38 




L^ F. SILVA, 
EASTERN MANAGER, NEW YORK. 



C. P. MILLER. 
WESTERN MANAGER, 



39 




B II BRUXbWlCk 



B. E. BENSINGER, 



40 



The Braaswick=Balke=Colleader Co. 

BILLIARD AND POOL TABLES. 

BILLIARD MERCHANDISE of every description. 

SALOON FIXTURES and BEER COOLERS. 







We are devoting a good deal of attention to tliis feature of our trade, and have recently con. ^p. ^ 
structed the finest Ten-Pin Alleys in the country. The aUeys can he made in sections and transported 
any distance, or we will send workmen to huild them on the spot. Write us for Prices. BRANCH HOUSE, 



38 ROYAL STREET, 

NEW ORLEANS, LA. 



MAIN OFFICES AND FACTORIES: 
CHICAGO, NEW YORK, CINCINNATI, SAN FRANCISCO, ST. LOUIS. PARIS, FRANCE. 

BRANCH OFFICES AND SALESROOMS: 

Mmneaipolliss Mmmio MiDwamkee, WiSo Detroit, 






Pittslburgh, Pa, Waslhiinigtoinii, Do Co BonffailOs, No Y, 

CleveEamids OlhSOo Toledo, OhiOo 

San Antonio, Texo New IHIaven, Conno 



